上海国际医院：亲爱的女人们，乳房疼痛不可忽视

乳房是每个女性完美曲线的重要组成部分之一，它给女人带来自信，它是女人的骄傲。但不少女性时常会感觉到乳房部位的疼痛，时有时无，时轻时重。有人忽视疼痛，从不在意，也有人过于担心，怀疑自己得了乳腺癌，每日承受着巨大的精神压力。那么，乳房疼痛到底是不是疾病呢？
·其实乳房疼痛是分为很多种情况的，几乎100%女人会乳痛，但95%非恶性，是与月经有关的生理性疼痛，不需要紧张。然而因为病理性原因导致的乳房疼痛，就需要引起重视，立刻就医了。

生理性疼痛——无需担心

①青春期乳痛
9-13岁是女性青春期发育时期，这个时期乳房开始生长，会有轻微胀痛的感觉，这种现象是很正常的，不需要担心，一般在月经初潮后就会逐渐消失。

②经前乳痛
有数据显示，有一半以上的女性会在月经来潮前出现乳房发胀发硬的情况，严重者连衣服的摩擦都会感觉疼痛，但月经结束后又即会消失。这主要是因为经前体内雌激素水平较高，促使乳腺增生、乳房组织水肿。

③孕期乳痛
一些妇女在怀孕后40天左右，由于胎盘、绒毛分泌大量雌激素、孕激素和催乳素，致使乳腺增生，乳房增大，从而产生乳房胀痛。这也属于孕期正常生理现象，不需要紧张。孕妇最好选择穿宽松的衣服和文胸，保持心情舒畅，以此来缓解疼痛。

④产后乳痛
还有一些产妇会在产后一周内出现乳痛现象，主要是由于乳腺淋巴潴留，静脉充盈，乳房间质水肿及乳腺导管不畅所致。防治方法是产妇尽早哺乳，等乳汁畅通后，疼痛即可缓解。也可适当配合排乳手法，加速乳腺通畅。

⑤流产后乳痛
流产后的妇女由于妊娠突然中断，体内激素水平急剧下降，使正在发育的乳房骤然停止生长，造成乳痛。

⑥ 性生活乳痛
若女性朋友因性欲淡漠或者性生活不合谐，无法达到性满足，也会造成乳房的充血、胀大不易消退，引起乳房的胀痛。

⑦乳房过大乳痛
当乳房过大或过重时，特别是乳房内侧，会因长时间重力向下拉的结果产生疼痛。只要使用适当的胸罩将乳房托起,减低重力的影响便可改善。有时候胸罩不合适也会产生乳房疼痛,尤其是乳房下部肋骨部分疼痛明显的病人，常是因使用新的胸罩而引起的。

 

 

病理性疼痛——及时治疗

a·颈椎病引起的乳房疼痛
颈椎病会引起乳房疼痛，是由于颈椎退变，颈神经根受累所致。这种疼痛多为慢性，并且是单侧性。

b·胸壁疾病乳房疼痛
胸肌或肋骨炎症等胸壁疾病也可表现为乳房疼痛，以灼热或牵拉感多见，也可有刺痛，压痛的部位几乎始终位于一侧。

C·乳腺增生乳房疼痛
乳腺增生病为乳房疼痛的最常见原因，约80%以上的乳腺增生有不同程度的乳房痛。其疼痛部位与肿块位置常不一致，经常向腋下、肩背部放射，可受月经、情绪、天气变化等因素的影响，常有自动缓解或无规律的阵发性发作，年龄多在40-45岁左右。

D·乳腺炎乳房疼痛
一侧乳房局部红肿热痛，同时伴体温升高，常是乳腺炎的征象。 这种疼痛非常明显，难以忍受，并伴有红、肿、热，多数发生在初产妇产后1-2月内。

 

寄语

乳房，作为女人最性感的部位，它的美丽需要细心的呵护，它的健康更需要倍加的重视。女性们，出现乳房疼痛时，既不要惊慌失措，也不可麻痹大意，更不要因为害羞而不好意思去看病。应重视乳房的变化，定期检查，做一个健康美丽的女子。

Cosmetic Surgery Questions And Answers From Shanghai international hosptial SKY CLINIC Dr Xu Hong

Cosmetic Surgeon in Shanghai

Cosmetic Queries Dr. Hong Xu from Sky Clinic answers general questions about cosmetic surgery.

About Dr. Hong Xu: Dr. Hong Xu graduated from Nanjing Medical University and the University of Sheffield in the U.K.
She works as Surgeon in the Nanjing Second Affiliated Medical University, and Shanghai Sky Clinic.

Q

Are there different treatment preferences for Chinese or expat customers?

A

Yes indeed, this is due to the beauty standards or ideas in different parts of the world, more specifically between Asian and western countries. Normally the procedures are totally different from culture to culture, for example, a very common procedure is the rhinoplasty (nose job) in

western patients normally. The procedure is to reshape the nose to make it look smaller with more delicate lines. On the other hand, Asian patients are looking to increase the size of the nose, so they can have a nasal bridge which is a bit more prominent. So both procedures are the polar opposite, and this is just one example.

Q

What is the safety record of botox? Are there any health concerns?

A

Overall the safety record of botox has been remarkably good. Now, botox is considered one of the safest products used in cosmetic medicine. The statistics of complications related to the use of botox are extremely low. But since this is a procedure that requires injections, there may be some complications related to the injection itself. So it is important for the patient go to a certified doctor in a certified health facility, to ensure the quality of the outcome.relative size is smaller. For laptop computers and tablets, the minimum recommended distance from the body is

20 cm. Dr. Hong Xu from Sky Clinic answers general questions about cosmetic surgery.

Q

How long does a botox treatment last for?

A

Depending on the patient's system the botox can last from 8 to 15 months, and then the patients are advised to have a second course of injections.

Q

How long does cosmetic surgery last for? do people need to go back for 'top-ups' often?

A

That depends of type of procedure, for example botox only lasts up to 15 months, afterwards you will need a second course of injections to maintain your appearance. In other cases, like breast

implants, the procedure last much longer, some patients just decide to keep it forever and some other patients want some slight modifications on the final look and for that you need some 'top-ups'. 

Q

What are current trends in cosmetic surgery?

A

Ghe new trend on cosmetic surgery are the minimal invasive procedures, in other words small incisions with virtually no scar. A lot of the new techniques in cosmetic surgery involve the use of needles, so that the patient won't have to worry about possible scars or complications. But the best part of the minimally invasive approach is that the patient can have an almost immediate preview of the final outcome of the procedure. With traditional techniques the patient had to wait until the healing process was completed and that could take several weeks. With the new techniques, the patient can do the procedure on Friday and attend a social event on Saturday without any concern.

 If you have more questions about cosmetic surgery,please visit http://www.shanghaiskyclinic.com/en/hospital/medical-services/cosmetic-surgery-shanghai

上海国际医院：母乳喂养的画面那么美！母乳喂养的十大好处

添加图片说明

宝宝的诞生，常让许多新手妈妈既激动又不知所措。激动的是，宝宝的降临让生活变得更幸福更甜蜜；不知所措的是，面对娇弱的小生命，不知道该用母乳喂养还是奶粉喂养。其实每位妈妈都应该知道，母乳含有热能、蛋白质、脂肪、钙和铁，即维生素等，是婴儿生长发育的最佳选择。无论是顺产还是剖腹产，产后的母亲都应能为宝宝提供足够的奶水，这是自然界的规律。
 
①母乳喂养有利于婴儿健康成长
母乳中特别是初乳，含有婴儿所需要的丰富营养，是任何乳制品不可替代的优质乳，婴儿能吮吸到母乳，对婴儿的健康成长是十分有益的，可谓是百益无害。
 

②母乳喂养有利于增强婴儿抵抗力、免疫力
有母乳中，尤其是初乳，乳中含有大量的婴儿需要的抗生素，能抗感染。抗病者是其它任何乳制品、食物不可完全具备的，是母乳独有的。因此，婴儿吮吸了母乳，就增强了婴儿的抵抗力、免疫力，让婴儿少生病或不生病。
 
③母乳喂养有利于婴儿消化和健康发育
由于母乳具有多方面的优点，且营养均衡、配比最佳，是其它食品不具有或不完全具有的优点。因此，采用母乳喂养法，它有利于婴儿的消化，有利于促进婴儿健康发育，健康成长。
 
④母乳喂养有利于产妇恢复身体健康
新妈妈通过生产，使身体、精神都发生了变化，如果产后能采用母乳喂养法，就能帮助产妇的子宫恢复减少阴道流血，预防产妇产后贫血，促进身体康复。同时，还有助于推迟新妈妈再妊期等。
 
⑤母乳喂养有利于增进母子情感
俗话说，母子连心。新妈妈们通过婴儿吮吸母亲乳头的刺激，能增进母亲对婴儿的抚爱、关爱、疼爱之情，婴儿通过吮吸母乳，与母亲有切肤之温暖，切肤之亲近，既感到安全，又感到高兴。因此，母子之间的情感就在这微妙之中不断沟通与递进，不断增进和升华。

⑥母乳干净、安全
母乳无可非议，它是喂养婴儿的最佳食品。它安全、干净、无毒，无任何副作用，是其它任何食品都无可比拟的，它是天下新妈妈与生俱来的为婴儿提供的“安全粮仓”。
 
⑦母乳喂养经济实惠
母乳不仅对婴儿健康成长有利，对新妈妈恢复身体好，而且比其它喂养品成本低廉，经济实惠。
 
⑧母乳喂养方便快捷
母乳喂养的好处实在多、而且方便快捷，是名副其实的随吃随有，很方便，很适合婴儿少食多餐的需要。因为婴儿进食不像大人，定时定量，婴儿是喊吃就要吃，慢了就哭闹不止，且无规律，如果使用其它食品喂养，很难满足这些要求和条件，只有母乳喂养主能适应与满足。
 
⑨母乳喂养可降低减少婴儿过敏现象
由于母乳干净、安全、无毒，无任何副作用，且拥有天然的抗生素，抗病毒素等，故用母乳喂养，可大大降低和减少婴儿的各种过敏现象的发生。如果使用其它替代品喂养，就难免产生各式各样的过敏现象，导致婴儿吃不香、睡不安、生活不适，影响婴儿健康成长。
 
⑩母乳喂养可减少女性患卵巢癌、乳腺癌的机率
已有科学家经过调查、统计和分析发现，将母乳喂养和非母乳喂养的新妈妈进得比对，凡使用了母乳喂养的新妈妈患卵巢癌、乳腺癌的机率要大大低于非使用母乳喂养的新妈妈们。

母乳喂养的常见问题

 
一． 哺乳期间流产也可以母乳喂养吗？
流产期间也可以母乳喂养。
二．奶水多需要添加辅食吗，还是只吃奶？
添加辅食和奶水够不够没有关联，添加辅食主要是为了帮助孩子今后学会吃饭，所以，必须要添加。
三． 母乳不足时需要添加辅食？
母乳不足只要能够添加奶粉和辅食，母乳可以继续喂养。
四． 如何按摩乳房，促进乳汁分泌？
可以在家自行按摩，但必须选择合适的方法，建议咨询有关专家后再进行。
五． 宝宝快11个月了，可以给宝宝断奶了吗？
如果确实需要断奶，建议1.选好适合孩子的奶粉；2.建议母亲服用退奶药，以减轻退奶期间的痛苦；3.改喂奶粉后，一定要同时纠正母乳喂养中的一切不良习惯。
六． 6个月后的奶水真的没有营养了吗？
6个月后的母乳不能完全满足孩子的正常发育，但不意味着可以放弃继续母乳喂养，母乳不足可采取添加辅食和适当补充奶粉解决。
七．夜里吃奶，怎样宝宝不窒息？
喂养不能躺着喂，一定要抱着喂；妈妈喂奶期间千万不能睡着了，要保持清醒状态。
八．乳房好涨痛怎么办？
孩子尽量吸吮，另外建议妈妈饮食要控制，同时要注意乳腺炎的可能性。
九．母乳可以放冰箱吗？
母乳可以放冰箱，需要的时候再加热喂养孩子。
 
上海国际医院温馨提示：
母乳喂养，是母亲给予宝宝最好的礼物，但母乳喂养也有一定的局限性，父母仍需避免走进母乳喂养的误区。

上海国际医院以上仅供参考。
如有类似患者，还需要及时跟上海国际医院SKYCLINIC医生咨询和治疗！

SHANGHAI INTERNATIONAL HOSPITAL: Protect Yourself and Keep Cervical Cancer Away!

A common saying that all women are made of water and should be delicately handled. However, women today face certain health risk that may make them lose the shine in their life, or even their life. In China, there is more than 130,000 new cases of cervical cancer occur every year. Every 10000 women there will be 1.57 sufferer and death rate is at 0.83 out of 10000 women. This trend has led to cervical cancer being the second largest form of cancer, after breast cancer among women. Let us have a clearer understanding of cervical cancer than to avoid the cancer topic altogether. With these understanding, we should take more precautionary step through periodic checkup.
Although the incidence rate of cervical cancer is high, it remains a preventive form of cancer. Just take regular checkup, you will be able to distance from the risk. 

Who are High Risk Group of Women in Getting Cervical Cancer?

Generally speaking, people with Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have increased risk of getting cervical cancer. Among cervical cancer patients, the rate of positive testing for HPV reaches 99.7%. However, this does not mean that HPV patients possess cervical cancer. In fact, about 50% male and female at some stage of their life will get HPV. On the other hand, 85%-90% female will have their HPV cleared naturally within 8-24 months.
Below are some high risk factors that increase the chance of getting cervical cancer:

1. Multiple sex partners (The more sex partners you have or had, the risk of cervical cancer is higher.)
2. Unsafe sex partners (Your sex partners have many other sex partners or he has HPV infection)
3. Becoming Sexually Active Early (Applied to anyone who start their sex life before 18 years old. )
4. Sufferers of other type of sexually-transmitted disease (STD) such as Gonorrhea，syphilis ，choamydiae infection ，HIV  
5. Weakened Immune System
6. Smoking (Increase in squamous cell carcinoma of cervix)
7. High risk group to cervical cancer also include mother, daughters and sisters with family history or similar circumstances.
   

Although cervical cancer has high occurrence rate among populations, preventive measure can be taken through regular pap smear test.

How to Prevent Cervical Cancer?

• Practice of Safe Sexual Lifestyle

Do not have too many sex partners. Avoid starting sex life at young age. Use condom when having sex. These are all good ways to reduce the risk of getting cervical cancer through HPV.

• Injection of HPV Vaccines

Injection of HPV vaccines can reduce up to 70% chances of getting cervical cancer. If you have regular sexual lifestyle, the chance of getting HPV is much higher. HPV vaccine will not offer protection for prior HPV condition. Hence it is advisable to obtain HPV vaccines as early as possible, possibly before the beginning of any sex life. Male are recommended to have HPV vaccines as well.

• Good Lifestyle Habit

Have a good healthy lifestyle habit which includes regular exercise and not smoking. Good health is an accumulative effort that have to start from younger age and maintain the discipline in healthy habits. Such benefits will reveal themselves when you are older.

• Regular PAP Smear Test

Generally speaking, female should at least conduct gynaecological examination on a yearly basis. Any early discovery of cancerous cell gives better treatment time for recovery. Beside cervical cancer, such examination can also test for colitis, pelvic inflammation or any other related symptom. Hence, it is advisable for female to develop such medical checkup habits.

After-Thoughts

Loving Oneself: Gynaecological disease, hepatitis, headache are common health threat that todays’ women faces and there are possible early warning in your body to alert such risk. Do not avoid checkup out of fear as the consequences of not doing so, will be greater, in choice of a good health. No exception to younger female that you are immune to such health concern. Experts are discovering that ovary and uterus malignant tumour are happening to younger age group of female. Therefore, regular gynaecological examination such as pap smear are strongly encouraged for the protection of a healthy life.

The above article serves only as a reference. Kindly refer to your medical professions for complete consultation and treatment.

Canceer Screening Service Package (Female) Price 3288CNY. Please contact Sky Clinic.

 

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